READING：

　　因为这两次考试一次加试阅读而另一次加试听力，所以如果大家是参加连续考试中的后一次就要特别关注上一次的加试到底是阅读还是听力，这样就可以做到心中有数，从而在考场上沉着应试。阅读和听力是相关的：当听力部分是两篇长对话和四篇课堂演讲时，阅读是五篇；当听力是三篇场对话和六篇课堂演讲时，阅读是三篇。这要求大家在平时准备的时候最好是以五篇为单位练习。

　　平时阅读练习时，关键词（Key Word）、主题句(Topic Sentence)、结构(Structure)、中心思想(Main Idea)、写作目的(Purpose)、作者对主要对象的态度(Attitude)这6点是大家在读每一篇文章时都应该首先问自己的，因为现在的新托福阅读考察的重点和难点是在对全文的把握上，而如果这6点训练到位了，大家会发现除了一些词汇题外的其它题目类型基本都可以解决了。词汇题（考察词汇量和对单词的理解）是可以通过背单词而直接解决的，这也是我们如果在时间不够的情况下应该优先考虑的题目。

　　LISTENING：

　　新托福考试听力能力的培养不容小视，应该作为除了词汇以外相对而言的重中之重：首先因为四个部分的听力、口语、作文三个部分都涉及到了听力，由此可见其重要意义；其次，听力作为客观题，相对于口语和作文这种比较考察功底的主观性题目而言，更应该注重其得分性；另外，新托福的听力部分可以堪称所有英语考试听力考试中最难的考试，因为IBT为了创造出全真的北美学习课堂场景，把“学术”的风格贯彻到极至，所以常考学科的听力专业学术词汇也是IBT考试成功的基石。

　　那么如何准备听力部分呢？上次的评论中已经清楚的告诉大家了新托福常考的三类文章：一、地理、地质、天文；二、生物、动物、植物、能源；三、文学、艺术、绘画、音乐、诗歌（通常通过一个人的具体作品来介绍）根据这几次考试的机经而言，实际上大家可以也可以自己得出这样高频学科的结论。从中国大陆的这九次考试来看，机经中所反映的重考概率还是非常高的，所以请同学们务必把所有北美考试和中国大陆地区考试中出现的机经，了解常考文章，积累这些学科的基本词汇。

　　机经对新托福考试的听力部分是一定有帮助的，但是得分的关键还是要建立在“听力实力”的基础上，听力实力如何获得？在这里给大家提出几个操作性比较强的建议：

　　第一，托福单词和学术单词一定要很熟，你可以不知道拼写，但是一定要听懂发音。建议大家背单词的时候最好用上MP3。因为大多数同学的消极词汇太多，只能眼睛看懂单词，但是听不懂很多单词，这也是为什么中国同学的阅读能力普遍好过听力的原因。而且很多同学活在自己的语音世界里，很多单词的发音往往是错的，所以一定要通过正确的发音纠音；

　　第二，新托福考试一定要做笔记，这是前几次考试评论都一直在强调的，因为通常一篇长对话是2-3分钟，课堂演讲是4-6分钟，在不能看题的前提下，即使是中文，也很难记忆，更何况是英文，这一点大家一定要注意；

　　第三，在备考新托福听力的过程中一定要铭记一个原则“精听”，实际上，精听一篇比泛听二十篇的效果还要好。很多同学很勤奋，做了很多题，但是对自己的提高很小。而精听却可以真正的提高听力实力，因为曾经听得不太懂的单词现在越来越少，积极词汇越来越多，对于听长难句结构也越来越得心应手，对于学术文章的把握也会有一览众山小的感觉。具体而言，对于打算拿两三个月准备托福考试的同学来说，可以用“听抄”和“精听”的方法，务必达到但凡听过的文章没有一个生单词，没有一个长难句，没有不清楚的文章结构，达到这个层面上的精听练习才是效率最高和最有效的。

　　SPEAKING：

　　口语1—2题要特别留意《官方指南》中作文独立部分的185道题库

　　考察重点：

　　第1题重点考察考生的口语说明能力：是否能够进行清晰、流畅、有条理地支持性说明；

　　第2题重点考察考生能否就自己的观点从正反两方面进行有条理地支持性称述：首先必须进行观点的选择；

　　第3题重点考察考生的口语总结能力：能否准确、全面、条理地对两种材料做总结性复述；

　　第4题重点考察考生是否能够准确判断出阅读和听力材料之间的关系并且使用口语清楚地表达；

　　第5题重点考察考生是否能够准确复述所讨论的问题，并且表达充分的理由支持自己的判断；

　　第6题重点考察考生对学术类问题做总结性复述的口语能力。

　　“11条黄金法则”：

　　1．中心是否切题：考查重点在于考生能否准确理解题意和迎合题意

　　2．语法是否正确：考查重点在于考生是否能够熟练地使用较复杂的句子结构表达思想，同时尽量避免错误。

　　3．词汇是否熟练：考查重点在于考生是否已经掌握足够的英语词汇进行表达，考察重点在熟练度和准确度两个方面。

　　4．表达是否清晰：考查重点在于考生所表达内容是否能被清楚明白地理解。绝对不能表面上流利，而实际上语意含糊、不知所云。

　　5．结构是否条理：考查重点在于考生是否有能力将口语用有条理的结构或逻辑表达出来，绝对要避免缺乏层次。

　　6．阐述是否连贯：考查重点在于考生的口语的语流是否有停顿，这包括思维停顿和表达停顿两方面的因素或表现。

　　7．发音是否清楚：考查重点在于考生是否能够作到纯正、清晰，至少理解起来不会因为口音的问题而扣分。

　　8．用词从简，句型多样：千万不要使用那些自己都不是很清楚的难词，用不同的句型重复一下你说过的话可以表示强调。

　　9．多种模板：注意使用针对独立部分和综合部分的模板，具体可以参考上海新东方首页—名师课堂—北美留学作文满分填空法这篇文章关于新托福部分的详细举例。

　　10．语言流利发音准确：尽量不要停顿。发音尽量对照磁带跟读。

　　11．在草稿纸做笔记：简写、中文：人名、时间、地点、科目、事件和态度。

　　WRITING：

　　The Integrated Writing Task

　　?  考生需要在3分钟之内读完一篇学术性文章，接着听一段与之话题相关的讲座录音，随后就讲座的要点写一篇概述。

　　?  You have 20 minutes to plan and write your response。 Your response will be judged on the basis of the quality of your writing and on how well your response presents the points in the lecture and their relationship to the reading passage。 Typically， an effective response will be 150 to 225 words。

　　?  5: a response at this level successfully selects the important information from the lecture and coherently and accurately presents this information in relation to the relevant information presented in the reading。 The response is well organized， and occasional language errors that are present do not result in inaccurate or imprecise presentation of content or connections。

　　In many organizations， perhaps the best way to approach certain new projects is to assemble a group of people into a team。 Having a team of people attack a project offers several advantages。 First of all， a group of people has a wider range of knowledge， expertise， and skills than any single individual is likely to possess。 Also， because of the numbers of people involved and the greater resources they possess， a group can work more quickly in response to the task assigned to it and can come up with highly creative solutions to problems and issues。

　　Sometimes these creative  solutions come about because a group is more likely to make risky decisions that an individual might not undertake。 This is because the group spreads responsibility for a decision to all the members and thus no single individual can be held accountable if the decision turns out to be wrong。

　　Taking part in a group process can be very rewarding for members of the team。 Team members who have a voice in making a decision will no doubt feel better about carrying out the work that is entailed by the decision than they might doing work that is imposed on them by others。 Also， the individual team member has a much better chance to “shine”， to get his or her contributions and ideas not only recognized but recognized as highly significant， because a team’s overall results can be more far-reaching and have greater impact than what might have otherwise been possible for the person to accomplish or contribute working alone。

　　这是《官方指南》中的写作阅读部分，我标出的都是有判断性的短语，从中大家应该自己学会去推测听力中的相关内容，这也是我(Winson Y.Yang)在新托福长期突破班课堂上强调的内容。

　　以下是讲座听力内容，大家可以对比是否可以由阅读去预测听力：

　　?  Narrator: Now listen to part of a lecture on the topic you just read about

　　? Professor: Now I want to tell you about what one company found when it decided that it would turn over some of its new projects to teams of people， and make the team responsible for planning the projects and getting the work done。 After about six months， the company took a look at how well the teams performed。

　　?  On virtually every team， some members got almost a “free ride”… they didn’t contribute much at all， but if their team did a good job， they nevertheless benefited from the recognition the team got。 And what about group members who worked especially well and who provided a lot of insight on the problems and issues? Well…the recognition for a job well done went to the group as a whole， no names were named。 So， it won’t surprise you to learn that when the real contributors were asked how they felt about the group process， their attitude was just the opposite of what the reading predicts。

　　? Another finding was that some projects just didn’t move very quickly。 Why? Because it took so long to reach consensus; it took many， many meetings to build the agreement among group members about how they would move the project along。 On the other hand， there were other instances where one or two people managed to become very influential over what their group did。 Sometimes when those influencers said “That will never work” about an idea the group was developing， the idea was quickly dropped instead of being further discussed。

　　And then there was another occasion when a couple influencers convinced the group that a plan of theirs was “highly creative。” And even though some members tried to warn the rest of the group that the project was moving in the directions that might not work， they were basically ignored by other group members。 Can you guess the ending to “this” story? When the project failed， the blame was placed on all the members of the group。

　　以下是如果提炼模板以及满分填空法举例：

　　The lecturer talks about research conducted by a firm that used the group system to handle their work。 He says that the theory stated in the passage was very different and somewhat inaccurate when compared to what happened for real。

　　First， some members got free rides。 That is， some did not work hard but gotrecognition for the success nontheless。 This also indicates that people who worked hard was not given recognition they should have got。 In others words， they were not given the oppotunity to “shine”。 This derectly contradicts what the passage indicates。

　　Second， groups were slow in progress。 The passage says that groups are nore responsive than individuals because of the number of people involved and their aggregated resources。 However， the speaker talks about how the firm found out that groups were slower than individuals in decision making。 Groups needed more time for meetings， which are neccesary proccedures in decision making。 This was another part where experience contradicted theory。

　　Third， influential people might emerge， and lead the group towards glory or failure。 If the influent people are going in the right direction there would be no problem。 But in the cases where they go in the wrong direction， there is nobody that has enough influence to counter the decision made。 In other words， the group might turn out into a dictatorship， with the influential part as the leader， and might be less flexible in thinking。 They might become one-sided， and thus fail to succeed。

　　大家可以看到，满分的作文仍然是可以有不影响理解的拼写错误的。

　　Independent Writing Task

　　独立部分请大家关注我在28&29日评论中关于如何构思以及如何写主题句的那篇文章。

　　按结构分类：

　　? A or B: State a preference: Some people believe A…Others prefer B
　　?  Agree or Disagree: Do you agree or disagree with the following statement?
　　?  Compare(similarity) and contrast(difference)
　　?  Persuasive Essay: Choose/Why/How/What:最好事先想好答案

　　Topic Type Percentage of Topics
　　Agreeing or disagreeing 70/185        38%
　　Stating a preference 68/185        37%
　　Persuasive essay: explanation or argument 47/185        25%

　　如果时间比较紧张的同学，可以参考下列分类模板：

　　Classified Templates:
　　A or B

　　1.The main reason for my propensity for A is that___________________________。就理由进行解释_____________________。For instance，____________________

　　Another reason can be seen by every one is that____________________________。就理由进行解释___________________For example，____________________

　　The argument I support in the first paragraph is also in a position of advantage because_____________________________

　　Although I agree that there may be a couple of advantages of B， I feel that the disadvantages are more obvious。 Such as________________。

　　In a word， ________________________________________________。So， it is sagacious to support the statement that it is better to A。

　　2.将原题复述___________________________________________When faced with the decision of A of B， quite a few would deem that______________________， but others， in contrast， believe A/B as the premier choice and that is also my point。 Among countless factors which influence -A/-B， there are three conspicuous aspects as follows。

　　The main reason for my propensity for _________is that___________________

　　The second reason can be seen by every person that________。

　　In addition， these reasons are also usable when we consider that_________。

　　There are some disadvantages in____________________另一种观点的缺点__________。

　　In a word， _____________重复观点句并缩写理由__________________。Taking into account of all these factors， we may reach the conclusion that___________。

　　3.Some people prefer to A。 others believe B。 When faced with the decision of A or B， quite a few would claim that______________， but others， in contrast， deem A/B as the premier choice and that is also my point。 There are numerous reasons why___________， and I would explore only a few of the most important ones here。

　　The main reason why I agree with the above statement， however， is that_____________________。 Take___________as an example， ______________。

　　There is another factor that deserves some words here。 Such as ________________________。

　　Similarly， these reasons are also usable when we consider that______________。(examples:___________)。

　　From the above you might got idea that I agree______________。(repeat the above three reason____________)。So， it is sagacious to support the statement that it is better to _______________。

　　4.In my point of view， A is as important as， if not more important than B。 So it is sagacious to choose A。 Among count less factors which influence A。 there are three conspicuous aspects as follows。

　　The above point is certainly true if A is considered。 For example，___________________

　　Another reason why I agree with the above statement is that I believe that A is better than B。 For instance，_______________

　　It would probably not be too kindly disposed to the idea that B is not important 。 B________也好_________。

　　In a word， to choose A or B is something of a dilemma to the public because they sometimes are confused by the seemingly good qualities of B， and neglect hte genuinely good aspects of A。 For the reasons presented above， I strongly commit to the notion that A， but not B。

　　5.When faced with the decision of A or B， quite a few would claim that A， but others， in contrast， deems B as the premier choice and that is also my point。 This quite different view is based on the propensity of following points。

　　We may look into every possible reason; however， fore most reason for B is ____________________。 For example， ______________。

　　Also， ________________________。

　　This is arbitrary to judge B according only to the excuse I mentioned in the above paragraph。

　　Similarly， these reasons are also usable when we consider that________________。

　　Admittedly， __________________A也有好的地方______________。By he same token， however， ______________B更好____________。Taking into account of all these factors， we may reach the conclusion that_____________。

　　6.When it comes to______________， Nevertheless， in my part， I prefer A rather than B as my inclination。 My arguments for this point are listed as follows。

　　I agree with the statement that _________without reservation since___________。

　　Naturally___________。 It can be given a concrete example__________。

　　A more essential factor why I advocate the argument of __________is that。 Obviously ________________。Take the case of a thing that____________。

　　Furthermore， what is worth noticing fact is that ________________。 This demonstrates the undeniable fact that__________________。

　　Of course， choosing B also has advantages to some extent，_______________此处论述B的1-2优点___________。But if all these factors are contemplated， the advantages of A carry more weight than those of B。 From what has been discussed above， we may finally draw the conclusion that_____________。

　　7.____________改写并复述题目____________。The advantages of B carry more weight than those of A。 There are numerous reasons why __________， and I would explore only a few of the most important ones here。

　　One of the primary cause is that_______________________。

　　What is also worth noticing fact is that_____________________。

　　Furthermore， ________________________。

　　Although I agree that there may be couple of disadvantages to_________________。I fell that the advantages are more obvious_____________。

　　_______________， Given the factors I have just outlined， I can only say that___________________。

　　8.____________改写并复述题目____________。When faced with decision of A or B， quite a few would claim that ___________， but others， in contrast， deem A/B as the premier choice and that is also my point。 Among countless factors which influence _________， there are three conspicuous aspects as follows。

　　The main reason for my propensity for ________________ is that _____________。

　　Another reason can be seen by every person is that___________________。

　　The argument I support in the first paragraph is also in a position of advantage because ________________________。

　　In a word， ___________________。 Taking into account of all these factors， we may reach the conclusion that ____________________。

　　9.From my point of view， it is advisable to choose A rather than B。 My arguments for this point are listed as follows。

　　The main reason for my propensity for ____________________ is that ________________。

　　There is another factor that deserves some words here。

　　In a word， ________________________。 While it is true that the argument， I disagree hold a little bit of water， I think_______________。

　　单一命题形式：

　　1. The answer of this statement depends on your own experience and life style。 In my point view， buying computers is as important as， if not more important than， buying books。 So it is sagacious to ____________。Among countless factors which influence the choice， these are three conspicuous aspects as follows。

　　The main reason for my propensity for__________is that____________。

　　Another reason can be seen by every person is that________________。

　　Furthermore，______________。

　　In short，_________________复述前文中的理由______________。

　　Advantages or disadvantages:
　　____________改写并复述题目____________。 There may be by one or two disadvantages to ___________________; however， I believe that there are far more advantages。 My arguments for this point are listed as follows。

　　First of all， perhaps one disadvantages to____________is that______________。For instance， __________________。 Another drawback to _____________involves the possibility that____________。 For example， ____________。

　　Even though there may be one or two disadvantages to____________， the advantages far outweigh them。 The main reason for my propensity for __________is that _________。 For example_____________。

　　Another reason for my inclination for _____________ is that _________________。 For example， _________________。

　　In a word， in spite of the fact that there may be a couple of disadvantages to _____________， I feel that the advantages are more obvious___________。重复优点__________。Taking into account of all these factors， we may reach the conclusion that _____________。

　　agree or disagree

　　1. Nowadays， some may hold the opinion that ____________________。 But others have a negative attitude。 As far as I am concerned， I agree that ____________。 My arguments for this point are listed as follows。
　　I agree with the statement that ______________________without reservation since ________________。

　　Another reason why I agree with the above statement is that I believe that________________。

　　In a word， _________________________。 Taking into account of all these factors， we may reach the conclusion that__________。

　　2. Some people prefer to A， others believe B， Nowadays some may hold the opinion that ________________， but others have a negative attitude。 As far as I am concerned， I agree/disagree that_______________。 MY arguments for this point are listed as follows。

　　One of the primary causes is that_______________________。

　　Examples_______________。

　　But there is a further more subtle point we must consider。 Examples。

　　What is more_______________。 Examples___________

　　General speaking， __________。 Recognizing the fact that _______________should drive us to conclude that______________。

　　3. Some people argue as if it is a general truth that a _____________________________。But to be frank， I cannot agree with them。 There are numerous reasons why I hold no confidence on them， and I would explore only a few primary ones here。

　　The main problem with this argument is that it is ignorant o the basic fact that______________解释本段中心___________。

　　Another reason why I disagree with the above statement is that I believe that______________。

　　What is more， some students are interested in____________。

　　In a word， ________________。 

　　考生感受杂谈

　　一、1 几经一定要看。有机会的话提前看一下，掌握一下出题的方式也是好的。而且重考的几率比较高。在现场稳定军心的作用不言而喻。

　　2 在现场，不管哪个部分还是要靠平常积累。现场最重要的是节奏感，肯定有听漏，上下文逻辑接不上，或者用词不当的地方，一般不要去斟酌回想，否则容易断线。

　　3 口语全靠平时。在现场去想是肯定来不及的。平常必须多准备一些段子，常用的理由，魔板要熟练。个人感觉只有练到看到一个词马上能说出一句完整的话来才能应付。根据理由来分类练习，可能效率比较高。比如看到relaxation就能举一个例子，看到concentration， teamwork， challenge就能举一个例子等等。

　　4 作文短期突击，魔板和例子是关键。现场的时间绝对不宽裕。还有就是节奏了，大刀阔斧的写，不要拘泥于个别词句是不是恰当，这些只能在平时积累。

　　5 中间休息时间充分利用，因为紧接着有口语，个人认为不要吃饼干之类或者喝碳酸饮料容易胃肠胀气或者嗓子不太舒服。不过可以考虑啃两个馒头，家里经济条件好的同学可以在配上一包榨菜呵呵。

　　6 随着广大人民群众外语学习热情的高涨和英语水平的不断提高，英语考试也日益呈现出越来越恶心的新趋势，突击式应考还能不能坚持怎样坚持就成为了一道摆在广大人民群众面前的紧迫问题。就我变态考试而言，个人意见就是20字方针：

　　听力是关键

　　魔板要熟练

　　功夫在平时

　　经常看论坛。

　　二、建议后面考试的同志还是要把单词搞好，像我单词不好的，看文章就不是很爽，尽管有些可以通过上下文猜，但总没那么顺利。我后面两个section时间都觉得有点紧张，看来平时的状态是要打折扣的。

　　三、首先是机经，反正看了机经，总归有个准备。

　　接下来谈现场的阅读。事实上，交大的考点，后面一个学生完全可以看见侧前面的人做题的选项。如果在阅读的时候，前面的人跟你一同开始，他选一题，你就可以选一题。时间并不会相差太大。如果前面是个牛人，你就SHUANG了，但是如果水平比较差，那就惨了。如何调整时间与前面的人一致呢。其实在IBT进入考题前，有一大堆的CONTINUE要你摁，有几个摁是会自己跳的，但是我记得每个SECTION都有几个键你不摁的话根本不会进入题目界面的。所以，你可以等，等到什么程度呢，你可以等到前面一个人坐下来，开始了阅读题，你再开始。

　　关于听力，我觉得有点冒险，但是也可以这么做，而且，可以这么说，你都不用听，只管看就好了。但是这种行为我感觉太伤人品。

　　关于口语，大家都知道了。首先是一开始十分钟休息时间偷听，但是告诉大家，偷听真的会听错。幸好我们有一位伟大的坐在侧前方的朋友。当他在看到口语题时，你也可以看到。同时，你也不必害怕，即使你十分钟休息完了，你只要不摁其中一个CONTINUE键，你将一直在休息。只是不能出去。亲爱的朋友们，此时此刻，你可以做什么?

　　作文第一部分就偷看不了了，太多了。但一定要听好。第二题没有问题的，结合机经再看看伟大的朋友的题目，虽然不是很清楚，也能猜得出来要写啥。

　　昨晚考到九点出来，第二个作文后来发了疯，写了570多个字。不知道怎么写这么多的。总之感觉到了最后，既兴奋又疲倦，但是说真的，如果可以，不要在下午考，我觉得状态不如早上好。真的。

　　有几件事还是要提醒:昨天交大的纸只有三张，当我想要新的时候，他们说不给，ETS说的，给了我个橡皮擦。另外，铅笔可以换的，但是一定要一支用完再换另一支。

　　四、个人觉得新托极其耗体力，考前锻炼身体。

　　五、之前听说可以在休息时听到大家口语再说什么，不过我今天的感觉是前后左右都是声音，结果只听到只言片语，啥也没听出来。可能是我个人原因，建议大家可以在考完听力，最后一道题做完以后点OK，这时一般都还剩好几分钟，可以把耳机摘下听听周围同学的口语，我想考得比较早的同学这个时候还是能够听到一些有价值的东西的，因为开始的不多，还有网上说可以看到前面人的，确切的说是斜对面的，尤其作听力题时能看到一点，不过太累了，而且还要听自己的听力。

　　六、考过后个人觉得晚进更好，理由如下：

　　1. 早进的人很容易受到后进的同学的干扰，因为你做阅读的时候，别人会有试音，肯定有影响，我是第二个进去的，后来旁边的人一个接一个进很吵，当然如果你注意力集中，不易被干扰，这些对你就无所谓了。

　　2. 别人的口语对你听力没太大影响，你可以把耳机声音调很大，听不见他说什么，而且你听完听力后有10分钟休息时间，可以听到周围的人的答案，从而猜测题目早做准备。

　　题目整体上感觉跟Longman的模考试题差不多，但有篇阅读很难，听力稍快，口语作文正常。

 

　　七、交大设备不错，我进去也比较早，但当我开始做第一篇最难的阅读时，后面的人开始用蹩脚的口语大声调试耳麦，真不知道他们怎么调试也有那么多话好说，我受到一点影响，前十分钟只做了三题，信心受挫。

来源：上海新东方学校