雅思作文想拿高分，就必须重视开篇小作文。作为给考官的第一印象，小作文的成败与否直接关系着整个作文分数的高低。而小作文中的流程图似乎已逐渐成为同学们心头挥之不去的梦魇。笔者认为，流程图的写作精髓在于“3w1h(when，what，where，how)+被动+从句”的灵活应用，只要大家熟记这个原则，在实战中打败流程图这个“纸老虎”就能事半功倍。

　　下面，就让我们跟着新东方在线雅思教研中心的老师以下图为例来分析一下“3w1h(when，what，where，how)+被动+定状从句”原则在流程图中的应用。

　　The information in the diagram below describes the bread making process.

　　这幅图说的讲得是面包的制作过程，由图可知，制作面包一共需要六个步骤，所以我们开头段可以作如下表述：

　　The diagram given demonstrates a process by which the bread is made via six consecutive phases.之后我们需要根据图的顺序来分析每个图的“3w1h”，需要做到尽可能地全面。

　　第一幅图的“3w1h”：

　　When：首先(In the first/initial/original step; First of all = Firstly = initially = originally)

　　What：要使用的主要材料是温水和糖(warm water, sugar)

　　Where: 盛有酵母的容器(yeast这个单词很多烤鸭可能不认识，抄之即可)

　　How: 把材料放入容器以达成发酵的目的(to activate yeast)

　　考虑“被动+从句”，整幅图可以写作如下：

　　In the first step, warm water and sugar, which are the chief materials of bread making, are added into a container where yeast exists for the purpose to activate it. 这样的一句话既有被动句…are added into… ，又兼顾了定语从句which和状语从句where的使用。

　　第二幅图的“3w1h”：

　　When：其次(In the second/following/subsequent stage; Then = Next = After that = Afterwards)

　　What: 第一次的混合物和更多的水(first mixture, more water)

　　Where: 一个放有面粉和盐的盆里(flour, salt)

　　How: 把这些材料都放入盆里以形成生面团(= dough)

　　考虑“被动+从句”，整幅图可以写作如下：

　　In the subsequent stage, a pot with flour and salt, in which the dough is formed at this point, is filled with the first mixture that comes from the former procedure and more water, in order to make a homogeneous blend.

　　同样地，之后的几幅图可以用“3w1h(when，what，where，how)+被动+从句”原则分别写为：

　　After that, the dough has to be kneaded by hands for about ten minutes, thereby becoming smooth and shiny, which is followed by stage four. In this phase, it is left in a bowl and kept in a warm place where the dough will rise itself within one to three hours. It is then punched down by fist, aiming to release air; meanwhile, the dough is kneaded again for a few minutes for the coming baking process, where it is shaped into loaves and left to rise a second time for about one hour. When it is ready for bake, the oven needs to be set at 200 degree Celsius and the newly baked breads will be served in ten to fifteen minutes, finally.

　　通过以上的分析，同学们应该不难发现，流程图得分的关键在于找出每幅图的when (时间)，what(材料)，where(地方)，how(方法和目的)，之后灵活地用“被动+从句”的形式予以表达。只要大家在平日的练习中用此原则模拟练习写作流程图两次(剑6Test3，剑8Test3)并做到烂熟于心，相信笑傲雅思考场指日可待。

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